Since July, I have been closely monitoring the surge of student protests and the subsequent upheaval in Bangladesh, which led to the dramatic overthrow of Sheikh Hasina’s autocratic regime on August 5.
Growing up in Dhaka University’s faculty housing, the epicenter of these protests, I have always been immersed in the political activism of Bangladeshi students. Witnessing the current generation of students rise to challenge and dismantle a corrupt government has been profoundly moving. This movement, now celebrated as the “Gen Z revolution,” represents a pivotal shift after more than 15 years under Hasina’s rule with the Awami League.
Bangladesh’s students drive a pivotal transition from autocracy to democratic reform
The rapid emergence of a student-led revolution without descending into civil war was both surprising and remarkable. The students, protesting against job quota reforms that exacerbated youth unemployment, faced brutal repression.
Hasina’s forces and loyalists killed over 500 people and injured more than 1,000 during what has been termed Bloody July. The true impact was even more severe, with over 800 dead and 33,000 injured, compounded by curfews, internet blackouts, and further hidden violence.
The speed with which the students organized was astonishing. Their focus on combating discrimination and promoting justice garnered widespread support from various societal sectors, including teachers, artists, and ordinary citizens.
During escalating violence, student leaders orchestrated a Long March to Dhaka, demanding Hasina’s resignation. On August 5, tens of thousands marched to the capital, resulting in Hasina’s flight to India.
In the wake of the regime’s collapse, the country experienced severe turmoil. The police forces, fearing retribution for their violence against protesters, abandoned their posts. This led to widespread looting and violence, primarily targeting Awami League members. Remarkably, the democratic movement swiftly mobilized to restore order, with community support playing a crucial role.
Three days after the regime’s fall, Nobel Laureate Muhammad Yunus was appointed as interim head of government. His appointment, coming after years of persecution by Hasina, marked a historic shift toward a more progressive and diverse administration. Yunus’s initial address highlighted the need to protect minorities, prevent violence, and strengthen democratic processes.
Despite these strides, the path ahead is fraught with challenges. The corruption and remaining loyalists of the Awami League pose serious obstacles. On August 10, an attempt to undermine the interim government was made by an Awami League loyalist, but once again, student activism played a critical role in addressing the threat.
As Bangladesh rebuilds, the focus is on preserving newfound freedoms, honoring those who sacrificed for change, and fostering a progressive and democratic future. The ongoing attempts to discredit the student-led movement emphasize the need for vigilance in protecting democracy.
This revolution, celebrated as a Gen Z movement, is rooted in the enduring legacy of youth-driven struggles for freedom. Bangladesh stands at a crossroads, with an opportunity for genuine reform and a chance to advance towards a new era. The journey towards Bangladesh 2.0 has begun, built upon the resilience and historical struggle of its youth.
